<p>The High Falls Historic District corresponds roughly to the downtown section of the hamlet of that name in Marbletown, New York, United States. It is a 21 acre area around the intersection of state highway NY 213, Main Street, Mohonk Road (Ulster County Route 6A0 and Bruceville Road just south of Rondout Creek.</p><br>
<p>Here the Delaware and Hudson Canal once crossed the creek on a large aqueduct, never rebuilt after it burned in the early 20th century. Several pieces of the canals infrastructure, including some well-preserved locks and the canals official National Historic Landmark plaque, are included in its 21 acres (8 ha). While the canal had the greatest effect on the small community, it has not been the only economic force acting on it over the years. It is considered a "distinctive example of mid-19th century semi-urban land use planning."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is an irregularly shaped area centered on the junction of Bruceville, Mohonk and Route 213, mostly following lot lines. It follows Mohonk to an old church, then its boundary goes east to rear lot lines, then south to the town line at Route 213 with neighboring Rosendale.</p><br>
<p>It includes most properties along the south side of Route 213, and some along Bruceville almost to where it meets the creek. East of there it includes the former canal right-of-way, its empty bed extant, all the way down to the former aqueduct abutment. It goes no farther along 213 than the split between it and its former alignment, now Main Street. It includes the properties in the commercial area along the north side of Main Street and Firehouse Road and the canal as it goes uphill, with some of its locks, and then reaches its western extreme at a thin wedge along the canal&#39;s earlier route along the north side of Main.</p><br>
<p>Within these boundaries are 33 buildings, only four of which are considered non-contributing to the district&#39;s historic character. There are also five structures, all former canal locks. The buildings range from the late 18th century to the mid-20th, and the canal infrastructure was mostly built in the middle of the 19th. The entire area is developed except for the short stretch of canal north between 213 and the creek, which is wooded.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>High Falls takes its name from the nearby feature on the Rondout, where the creek cuts through a large rock formation and goes over a large waterfall. It was an attractive source of water power, and millers were drawn to it from colonial times. The first bridge to nearby Stone Ridge, on the main road through the valley between the Shawangunks and Catskills, was built during this time. The stone Simeon DePuy Tavern, now the home of the D&H Canal Historical Society, who will open their new Museum and Visitor Center in that structure in 2022, from 1797 (expanded in mid-19th century), reflects this era and retains much of its original fabric.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, a cotton and woolen factory in the hamlet made it a center of local manufacturing, serving many of the farms in the surrounding area. This set the stage for the construction and opening of the canal in 1828. The D & H was built to transport anthracite coal from Northeastern Pennsylvania to New York City via Kingston, where it was transferred to ships plying the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>High Falls would be important not only for its location at a key water crossing, spanned by a John A. Roebling aqueduct, and frequent layover on the canal, but for the natural cement discovered at nearby Rosendale during the canals construction, which needed the millpower. As the canal remained in operation for the remainder of the century, it would transform the hamlet from an isolated rural community to a bustling, yet small, industrial town, especially after the canal was expanded in 1850 to handle bigger barges. In addition to the facilities built by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, such as a lock tenders house and general store, small stores and shops were built nearby to take advantage of the canal traffic. They and the hamlet&#39;s street and block layout still exist today, a testament to that period.</p><br>
<p>Development declined along with the canals fortunes, and the district has changed little since the canal ceased operations in 1899, other than the states relocation of the portion of Route 213 that goes through it in 1956. Its post-canal future began thirty years earlier. The road extending down from the Shawangunks had made High Falls a point of embarkation via carriage for canal or rail travelers destined for Mohonk Mountain House atop the ridge. This may have helped it establish itself as a vacation or weekend destination of its own, a reputation it still enjoys today. The nearby hills and fields and their mountain vistas are home to many second homes for residents of New York City and its downstate suburbs. The shops and stores are now boutiques and restaurants that cater to them on weekends and in summertime.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Three locks and two other structures from the canal are included in that property&#39;s National Historic Landmark designation. Several properties within the district are notable; none have yet been separately listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>private residence, 23 Mohonk Road. Six years after its founding, the congregation built the St. John&#39;s Episcopal Memorial Chapel in the 1880s after a summer resident of the area donated the money.</p><br>
<p>DePuy Tavern, 1315 Route 213. Home and tavern of early landowner built in 1797 and now one of the district&#39;s most recognizable landmarks.</p><br>
<p>DeGraff House, 1304 Route 213. This ornate brick Italianate home built in 1855 was later the home of a cement-works supervisor.</p><br>
<p>Dutch Reformed Church Parsonage, 1300 Route 213. Greek Revival building dating to 1875. It is also now a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Hasbrouck Barn and Dwelling, 121–125 Main Street. This ornate Greek Revival residence, with stone wall, iron fence and carriage step, was built in the mid-19th century. Its English-style frame barn has been converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>I. Hasbrouck House and Store, 5-7 Second Street. This two-story frame building was constructed by the canal company as a feed store around 1850. Original storefronts remain on street level.</p><br>
<p>High Falls Reformed Church, 4 Firehouse Road. An outgrowth of the congregation at nearby Alligerville put this two-story brick building up in 1867.</p><br>
<p>J.B. Shaw House, 17 Mohonk Road. A brick house built in 1875 with some Greek Revival features. The property includes several outbuildings. Attached to the side is a building that housed the lock mechanism at nearby D&H Canal Lock 17 that predates it.</p><br>
<p>I.H. Snyder Store, 1209 Route 213. Built around 1875, this two-story Italianate frame building with a hipped roof also has its original storefront.</p><br>
<p>Temperance House, 1205 Route 213. The William Quick family operated this as the Cliff House from 1895–1949. A two-story open porch spans the five-bay facade</p><br>
<p>Towpath House, 6-8 Second Street. After 1825 a structure was added onto this 1787 frame house, the oldest building in the district.</p><br>
<p>Jan Van Hoesen House is an early-18th-century house in New York State. Northeast on NY 66 of Hudson towards Chatham, just east of Claverack Creek, stands a vacant medieval-looking brick structure over the Dutch Acres Mobile Home Park. Like the Columbia County Historical Society&#39;s Luykas Van Alen House in Kinderhook, the steeply-pitched roof, parapet-gabled house is a rare surviving example of a type of rural house characteristic of the upper Hudson Valley in the first half of the 18th century. Van Hoesen House is located on Route 66, north of the City of Hudson.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural influences</h2><br>
<p>The house, built between 1715 and 1724, is one of approximately seven similar brick dwellings to survive into the 21st century. Built usually in an elongated rectangular form of brick over a timber frame, these residences varied in the arrangement of windows, doors, and rooms according to the tastes of their owner. The style originated in the 16th-century Netherlands and was descendant of medieval longhouses.</p><br>
<p>The form was introduced into New Netherland before the mid-17th century, but did not become prevalent in the region of Columbia County until about 1715, a period of economic prosperity. According to cultural historian Ruth Piwonka, such brick houses are not merely farmhouses but substantial upper-middle-class residences expressing tastes and prosperity in a northern European manner.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural features and layout</h2><br>
<p>The house&#39;s southwesterly gable wall contains a thin engaged chimney flue that enabled the occupants to benefit from fireplaces in the cellar and on the main floor. This is also a rare example of such construction although it is known to have once been common throughout the region. The doorway at the corner leading to a cellar kitchen is original to the house as are the garret and granary window openings and frames. Wrought-iron fleur-de-lis beam anchors on both gables and iron gutter hangers are also distinctive surviving features.</p><br>
<p>The tin roof is a later replacement for the shingled or possibly tiled original roof. The easterly gable of the house contains five windows and a door. The first floor windows and door are later additions. The second floor windows are alterations of original windows and one even shows evidence of an early window frame. The granary windows are also original openings.</p><br>
<p>The truly principal feature of this gable, however, are die initials "T" and "I V H" worked in the masonry in black clinker brick headers. These are the monograms of the first occupants of the house, Jan van Hoesen (1687–1745) and his wife Tanneke. The "T" stands for Tanneke, given name of the wife of Jan Van Hoesen, Tanneke Wittbeck. The letters "V" and "H" stand for Jans family name Van Hoesen. Jans given name is represented by the letter "I", which is the Dutch representation of the letter "J".</p><br>
<h2>Evolution of the structure</h2><br>
<p>Modifications from the late 18th century and periods in the 19th century are represented in this structure. More details on this subject are sought.</p><br>
<h2>Family history</h2><br>
<p>Jan van Hoesen, who married in 1711 Tanneke Witbeck, a daughter of Hendrick Witbeck of Claverack, was a grandson of Jan Franse van Hoesen. It was the elder Van Hoesen who in 1662 purchased from the Mohicans the tract of land that included the present city of Hudson and town of Greenport. Jan, nonetheless, served as a deacon in the Lutheran church at Lunenberg (presentday Athens) across the Hudson River and, along with his wife, was extremely active in Lutheran church affairs. Jan and Tanneke had eleven children, of whom three sons appear at the locality of this house at the time of the Revolution. And the house remained in the family for several generations.</p><br>
<h2>Significance and current activity</h2><br>
<p>As the most intact remaining example of a type of Dutch architecture unique to the Hudson Valley, the Jan van Hoesen house is significant. It reflects the tastes and life style of the prosperous Hudson Valley Dutch freeholder, who is often overlooked by a historical emphasis on the lifestyle of the manor lords. The house was nominated to the New York State Inventory of Historic Resources in January 1976. Around 2008 the Van Hoesen House Historical Foundation was established for the purpose of promoting public awareness of the structure and eventually protecting and preserving it. In February, 2009, the home was included on the "Seven To Save" list of endangered historic properties by the Preservation League of New York State.</p><br>
<p>In June, 2011, New York State Museum researchers began the first phase of an archaeological excavation project at the Van Hoesen house site in Claverack, New York. They will be searching for buried artifacts that could reveal details about colonial life in the Hudson Valley.</p><br>
<p>The Patterson Hotel was a prominent and luxurious hotel located in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States, that was home to the Nonpartisan League and well known for its continued construction that lasted over twenty years. The hotel was a major hotspot for politicians throughout the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>First named the McKenzie Hotel, the structure was constructed by Alexander McKenzie and opened on New Year&#39;s Day, 1911. At the time it opened, the ten-story, 150-room hotel was the tallest structure in Bismarck, and would retain this distinction until the new North Dakota State Capitol was completed in 1934. Edward Patterson, a close friend of McKenzie, would later purchase the hotel. Patterson had constructed the adjacent Soo Hotel, also listed on the National Register, in 1906. The hotel was renamed the Patterson Hotel in 1927, shortly after the death of Alexander McKenzie.</p><br>
<h2>Continued Construction</h2><br>
<p>One of the hotel&#39;s most well-known facts is that construction continued on the structure long after it opened. Construction was finally completed in the 1930s, more than twenty years after it first began. State law at the time stated that until construction was completed, the property was exempt from property taxes, and because of this loophole, Edward Patterson continued the construction to avoid paying taxes. In the end, the hotel had grown from its original six stories to ten stories.</p><br>
<h2>Political Hotspot</h2><br>
<p>Alexander McKenzie was an influential person in local politics, and is often credited with moving the capital of Dakota Territory to Bismarck. Edward Patterson was also involved in politics, having served two terms as mayor. The Patterson Hotel became the headquarters for the Nonpartisan League when it was founded in 1915. This, in addition to McKenzie and Patterson&#39;s political connections, would make the hotel the unofficial political headquarters of North Dakota for decades. After the North Dakota capitol burned in 1930, the entire second floor of the Patterson was leased to house several state agencies until the new capitol was completed.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent Visitors</h2><br>
<p>In addition to his business ventures, Edward Patterson was also an amateur boxer. Because of this, the hotel was visited by such boxing legends as Gene Tunney, Jack Dempsey, and Joe Louis. Several presidents had also paid a visit to the Patterson Hotel, including Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson.</p><br>
<p>At times it also housed local businessmen, including Eugene Wachter, part of the Wachter family of Bismarck and manager of the state&#39;s largest deeded ranch.</p><br>
<h2>Illegal Activities</h2><br>
<p>The Patterson Hotel secretly served alcohol during prohibition, and even set up an elaborate alarm system to keep out "unwanted guests". The hotel also once hosted illegal gambling, and was rumored to house prostitutes. It is also rumored that a tunnel once connected the hotel with the nearby train depot.</p><br>
<h2>The Patterson Today</h2><br>
<p>Until the completion of Interstate 94 in 1965, all major eastbound traffic was served by USA Highway 10, which ran straight through downtown Bismarck. However, with the opening of the interstate, all traffic was shifted to the north, and it directly affected all types of business in downtown Bismarck, including hotels. The Patterson ceased hotel operations sometime in the 1970s, and the rooms were converted into senior housing. The main lobby now houses the Peacock Alley American Grill and Bar.</p><br>
<p>The Fleur-de-Lys Studios, also known as Fleur-de-Lis Studios or Sydney Burleigh Studio, is a historic art studio, and an important structure in the development of the Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States. It is located at 7 Thomas Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. It was designed by Sydney Burleigh and Edmund R. Willson, and built in 1885. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992. In addition, it is part of the College Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The studio is a -story wood-frame building, set on the densely built north side of Thomas Street, opposite the First Baptist Meetinghouse (also a National Historic Landmark). Its main facade is half-timbered, with elaborately stuccoed sections filling the spaces between the timbers. On the first level, there are two bays, that on the right with a grouping of six casement windows in two tiers of three, of different sizes at each tier. The left bay has a recessed entranceway, topped by a row of stucco panels and windows above. The second level projects slightly, and has paired casement windows that project in a manner resembling a folding screen. On either side and in between these two sections are colored panels bearing allegorical representations of Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture. The triangular gable area above this level is shingled, with a recessed square window just below the gable point.</p><br>
<p>The interior is relatively simple, with an enclosed stair rising on the left side of the building to a mezzanine level, a full second floor, and the attic area. The first floor is divided, with a classroom and reception area in the south, and a studio space on the north side. A staircase in the northwest corner leads from the studio to the mezzanine. The mezzanine is open, with a small studio space over the entrance. Smaller studio spaces occupy the second floor and attic level.</p><br>
<p>The building was a design collaboration between the artist Sydney Richmond Burleigh (1853-1931) and the architect Edmund R. Willson (1853-1906), and was built in 1885–86 in a collaborative effort involving both local builders and a local version of the London-based Art Workers Guild established by Burleigh. Among the artists contributing to the decoration was Charles Walter Stetson.</p><br>
<p>The building drew immediate notice in architectural publications in recognition for its unification of useful and ornamental arts.</p><br>
<p>George William Whitaker, known as the "Dean of Providence Painters," shared space with Burleigh in the studio during the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>In 1939, the structure was deeded to the Providence Art Club by Burleigh&#39;s widow. In accordance with the stipulation of her gift, the space is still used for artists studios.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Horror writer H. P. Lovecraft made the Fleur-de-Lys building the residence of his character Henry Anthony Wilcox, a young artist and sculptor, in his famous tale "The Call of Cthulhu." Its described as "a hideous Victorian imitation of seventeenth-century Breton architecture which flaunts its stuccoed front amidst the lovely colonial houses on the ancient hill, and under the very shadow of the finest Georgian steeple in America". Bertrand K. Hart, then literary editor of the Providence Journal and author of a regular column, "The Sideshow", read the story in an anthology, T. Everett Harres Beware After Dark! (1929) and was astounded to find that Wilcoxs residence (7 Thomas Street) was the same as the address where he had once resided. Feigning to offense, he vowed in his column of November 30, 1929, to send a ghost to Lovecrafts home at 3 a.m. to scare him; Lovecraft promptly wrote the poem "The Messenger" at 3 a.m. that night. Hart published the poem in his column of December 3.</p><br>
<p>Harkin&#39;s General Store is all that remains of West Newton, in Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States. Alexander Harkin opened the store as combination general store and post office in 1867 in the growing town of West Newton. The town fell into decline after four years of locust swarms devastated southern Minnesota, and the railroad extended away from West Newton. The store closed in 1901.</p><br>
<p>Most of the stock was left when the store was closed and abandoned, and remains today as a museum currently managed by the Minnesota Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Bellevue Avenue Historic District is located along and around Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Its property is almost exclusively residential, including many of the Gilded Age mansions built as summer retreats around the turn of the 20th century by the extremely wealthy, including the Vanderbilt and Astor families. Many of the homes represent pioneering work in the architectural styles of the time by major American architects.</p><br>
<p>The district was declared a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1976. Several of the mansions within the district are also individually National Historic Landmarks, and a number of them are open to the public as museums. The district has become one of Newport&#39;s major tourist attractions.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district encompasses an area of bounded by Block Island Sound and Narragansett Bay to the south and east, respectively, Spring Street and Coggeshall Avenue to the west, and Memorial Boulevard to the north. This takes in the southeastern quarter of the developed portions of the city on the southwestern neck of Aquidneck Island. Bellevue Avenue itself runs north–south for over 2 mi through the middle of the district.</p><br>
<p>Land use within the district is overwhelmingly residential. Most of its 63 buildings are dwellings either in use or originally built for that purpose. Institutional use is the next most common, with many of the historic mansions now used as historic house museums. One, Vernon Court, is home of the National Museum of American Illustration. Another, Belcourt Castle, is a privately owned house museum. Many others are owned by the Preservation Society of Newport County. Salve Regina University, home to some more historic buildings, including the William Watts Sherman House, is wholly within the district, and there is also a more modern senior citizens home built in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>Commercial properties are clustered near the Newport Casino at the north end of the district, such as two contemporary strip malls opposite and to the right (respectively) of the casino itself. There are some small parks within the district, the block just south of Vernon Court on the east side of Bellevue is the location of the Frederick Law Olmsted Arboretum, located on the site of Stoneacre, no longer extant. The grounds of Stoneacre were designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Rovensky Park is further down Bellevue Avenue and is maintained by the Preservation Society of Newport County. Many of the larger mansions sit on large lots, leaving plenty of open space within the district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the colonial era and the decades after independence, most of Newports development remained around its downtown area, where port facilities, the mainstay of the citys economy, were. Early in the 19th century, visitors to the city in the summer months came to appreciate the moderating effects of the sea breezes and the panoramic ocean views. They began building cottages along the higher ground where Bellevue Avenue, then a lightly traveled farm path, now runs.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, George Noble Jones, a Southern plantation owner, built Kingscote, a Carpenter Gothic building considered the first of the city&#39;s mansions. The Civil War and the years leading up to it slowed further development in the area, but then it picked up again during the economic prosperity of the Gilded Age in the later decades of the 19th century. Houses became slightly larger than the original cottages, and experimented with new architectural styles. Chateau-sur-Mer was one of the few built as a year-round residence in 1851, it was later expanded in the 1880s using the Second Empire architecture from France. The Casino and the Isaac Bell House inaugurated the Shingle style, where that material was used as siding instead of clapboard.</p><br>
<p>More and more wealthy families were drawn to Newport in the summers, transforming the architecture again. William Kissam Vanderbilt&#39;s Marble House in 1888 helped spark the transformation of Newport with stone as a building material, Beaux Arts as a style, and set a new standard for size. A few years later, his brother Cornelius spent a record $7 million (equivalent to $ million in ) on The Breakers, sitting above the cliffs at Ochre Point on the eastern shore. The Astors expanded the 1856 Beechwood to suit their needs.</p><br>
<p>These houses and their occupants made Newport synonymous with wealth and leisure in the early 20th century. Tennis and sailing would become associated with the city and the district through the tennis courts in the Casino, which hosted the early tournaments that became the US Open, and the America&#39;s Cup races which began being held in the nearby waters every three years. The onset of the Depression began to change this, as some families, faced with dwindling fortunes, turned their houses over to the public or private nonprofits such as the Preservation Society of Newport County.</p><br>
<p>As the trend toward tourism continued in the years after World War II, the mansions began being converted into museums and opened to the public; the International Tennis Hall of Fame opened in the Casino in 1955. The 1962 sale of The Elms, the last of the mansions to be owned and operated by the original family, marked the end of the resort era.</p><br>
<p>Preservation efforts had been going on in the downtown historic district for years, and the city had begun to appreciate their value as tourist attractions. In 1965, it recognized as part of its original local historic district three smaller areas in the Bellevue area, later added to the National Register of Historic Places: the original Bellevue Avenue district along the residential portions of the street itself, the Ochre Point/Cliffs district around The Breakers and the Bellevue Avenue/Casino District in that area.</p><br>
<p>In 1972 the city applied to the National Park Service to combine all three and expand them into the current Bellevue Avenue district. Four years later the new district was recognized as a National Historic Landmark District, the second of three in the city. The mansions and museums continue to be a draw for visitors to the city today.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The builders of the mansions had the means to employ the best architectural talent available to them at the highest level of creativity. "The list of architects", says NPS historian Carolyn Pitts,"embraces almost every major designer of that time and what emerges at Newport is also a study of the development of the taste and skill of men like Richard Upjohn, Richard Morris Hunt and McKim, Mead and White over their professional careers."</p><br>
<p>Eight of the district&#39;s buildings have been designated as National Historic Landmarks in their own right. Several others are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Many are open to the public for guided tours.</p><br>
<h3>National Historic Landmarks</h3><br>
<p>Isaac Bell House: First Shingle Style house.</p><br>
<p>The Breakers: Costly Italian Renaissance-style Vanderbilt home is Newport&#39;s signature mansion and a symbol of the Gilded Age.</p><br>
<p>Chateau-sur-Mer: Originally built in 1851, later extensively remodeled in Second Empire and other late 19th century styles by Richard Morris Hunt. Considered the first of the great Newport mansions.</p><br>
<p>The Elms: Horace Trumbauer mansion for coal magnate Edward Julius Berwind was one of the first houses wired for electricity. Classical Revival style imitates Château d&#39;Asnières in France.</p><br>
<p>Kingscote: Gothic Revival 1839 cottage by Richard Upjohn is the first large house in the city built for a summer resident.</p><br>
<p>Marble House: Hunt&#39;s Beaux Arts design for William Kissam Vanderbilt was one of the first stone mansions, and started a trend toward very large homes in Newport.</p><br>
<p>Newport Casino: The only non-residential NHL within the district, it was its first Shingle Style building and one of the first American social clubs to include recreational facilities.</p><br>
<p>William Watts Sherman House: Henry Hobson Richardson house, with interiors by Stanford White, considered one of his best works. Prototype for the Shingle Style.</p><br>
<h3>Other major properties</h3><br>
<p>Beechwood: The Astors&#39; Newport home, remodeled from an older one. Formerly living museum with actors playing the family, its guests and staff for visitors, now privately owned and closed to the public.</p><br>
<p>Belcourt of Newport: Summer home of Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, built by Hunt in a variety of different styles of the time.</p><br>
<p>Rosecliff: Stanford Whites imitation of Versailles Grand Trianon, built for silver heiress Theresa Fair Oelrichs.</p><br>
<p>Ochre Court: Châteauesque mansion by Richard Morris Hunt. One of a number of properties also within the Ochre Point–Cliffs Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Vernon Court: Imitation of a Germain Boffrand chateau. Today home to the National Museum of American Illustration.</p><br>
<h2>Historic District Commission</h2><br>
<p>To maintain the districts historic character, the city created its Historic District Commission (HDC) at the same time as the district itself. It consists of nine citizens appointed to three-year terms by the City Council to oversee not just the downtown historic district but Newports other historic districts, two of which (downtown and Ocean Drive) are also recognized as National Historic Landmarks. The city considers them all one large district for its administrative purposes.</p><br>
<p>The HDC must review any exterior alterations to a building in the district beyond ordinary maintenance and repair, and issue a Certificate of Appropriateness. It cannot order any changes made to a property.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Church, on Queen Anne Square in Newport, Rhode Island, is a historic parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Rhode Island. Founded in 1698, it is the oldest Episcopal parish in the state. In the mid 18th century, the church was home to the largest Anglican congregation in New England.</p><br>
<p>The current Georgian building was designed by architect Richard Munday and constructed in 1725–26. It one of the largest extant 18th century New England churches and has been designated a National Historic Landmark since 1968.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Newport, Rhode Island congregation began to gather about 1698. When Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont was investigating charges of the infractions of the Navigation Acts in Rhode Island, he requested that the Board of Trade send a minister from England to Rhode Island. The first church structure was built in 1700.</p><br>
<p>The present church building was constructed in 1725–26, designed by local builder Richard Munday, who based his designs on those that he had seen that Sir Christopher Wren had used in London churches in the late 17th century. The church&#39;s design is very similar to that of Old North Church in Boston. Trinity, however, was built entirely of wood. It is believed to be the only church building with its three-tiered wineglass pulpit remaining in its original position in the center of the aisle, in front of the altar. The building was enlarged in 1762, but otherwise retains its original character with box pews.</p><br>
<p>In 1733, Dean George Berkeley donated the first organ, whose wooden case, decorated with the Crown of England and the mitres of the archbishops of Canterbury and York, survives in place. The first organist was Charles Theodore Pachelbel, son of the famous German Baroque composer Johann Pachelbel.</p><br>
<p>The church was used as a garrison church by the British Army in 1776–1779. Local oral tradition reports that George Washington attended services there in 1781. The Chevalier de Ternay, the French admiral who died in December 1780, is buried in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>Also interred here is Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, who in 1753 purchased an immense tract of Maine wilderness where he founded what is now the city of Gardiner. Many members of the Vanderbilt family attended the church when summering in Newport.</p><br>
<p>Historical architect, Norman Isham, restored several parts of the church in the 1920s. The church has been seen in several films, including Amistad, Moonrise Kingdom and Evening. The burial service for former Rhode Island Senator Claiborne Pell was held at the church in January 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Canon Timothy Watt became Rector of the Parish in July, 2020.</p><br>
<h2>Notable clergy</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. George Berkeley</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Theodore Dehon</p><br>
<p>The Rev. James Honyman</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Jeremiah Leaming</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Walter Lowrie</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Lauriston L. Scaife</p><br>
<p>The Rev. Dr. Francis Vinton</p><br>
<h2>Notable organists</h2><br>
<p>Charles Theodore Pachelbel</p><br>
<p>William Selby</p><br>
<h2>Notable parishioners</h2><br>
<p>John Jacob Astor VI</p><br>
<p>Lillian Barrett</p><br>
<p>Thomas Breese, USA Navy chaplain, Battle of Lake Erie</p><br>
<p>Rear Admiral Henry E. Eccles</p><br>
<p>Silvester Gardiner</p><br>
<p>Rear Admiral Stephen B. Luce</p><br>
<p>George Champlin Mason Sr.</p><br>
<p>Clement Clarke Moore</p><br>
<p>Vice President of the United States Levi Morton</p><br>
<p>Richard Munday</p><br>
<p>Claiborne Pell</p><br>
<p>Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry</p><br>
<p>Commodore Matthew C. Perry</p><br>
<p>Vice Admiral William S. Pye</p><br>
<p>Colonel Henry Sherburne (colonel)</p><br>
<p>Admiral Raymond Spruance</p><br>
<p>Gilbert Stuart</p><br>
<p>George P. Wetmore</p><br>
<p>Cornelius Vanderbilt II</p><br>
<p>The former Zanesville YWCA, located at 49 North 6th Street in Zanesville, Ohio, United States, is an historic building built in 1926 for members of the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association. It was designed by Howell & Thomas. On July 17, 1978, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is now Bryan Place.</p><br>
<h2>History and current use</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1926 for members of the YWCA. Like many YWs of the time, the Zanesville YW provided rooms for single women to rent in addition to providing recreational and social activities for young women. The Zanesville YW closed in 1993 and the building is now Bryan Place.</p><br>
<p>Saint Elmo is a ghost town in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1880, Saint Elmo lies in the heart of the Sawatch Range, 20 mi southwest of Buena Vista and sits at an elevation of 9,961 ft. Nearly 2,000 people settled in this town when mining for gold and silver started. The mining industry started to decline in the early 1920s, and in 1922 the railroad discontinued service. The community is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Saint Elmo Historic District. It is one of Colorado&#39;s best preserved ghost towns.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Saint Elmo was originally named Forest City but was later changed because of the multitude of towns with the same name. The name Saint Elmo was chosen by Griffith Evans, one of the founding fathers, who was reading a novel with the same title.</p><br>
<p>The town was at its peak in the 1890s, when it included a telegraph office, general store, town hall, five hotels, saloons, dancing halls, a newspaper office, and a school house. The towns first and longest running newspaper, the St. Elmo Mountaineer, began reporting on the towns mining activities in August 1880 and ran until 1895. The Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad line ran through Saint Elmo. There were 150 patented mine claims within the area. The majority of the people who lived in Saint Elmo worked at the Mary Murphy, Teresa C., The Molly or the Pioneer Mines. The Mary Murphy Mine was the largest and most successful mine in the area. The Mary Murphy Mine recovered over $60,000,000 worth of gold while it was in operation. While the other mines eventually shut down, the Mary Murphy Mine continued to operate until the railroad was abandoned in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Once the mining industry shut down, Saint Elmo drastically declined in population. Miners searched elsewhere for gold and silver and the business district in Saint Elmo closed down as well. Few people continued to live in the town. Postal service was discontinued in 1952 after the death of Saint Elmo&#39;s postmaster.</p><br>
<h2>Saint Elmo today</h2><br>
<p>Saint Elmo is considered a ghost town, though it is still inhabited. Many tourists visit Saint Elmo, and the former mining roads are now used as off-road vehicle trails. There are places to fish along Chalk Creek, which runs through Saint Elmo, but the creek is all private property. There is a campground next door (Iron City Campground) that has public access in a few spots if you are looking to fish. The general store is open during the summer, when tourists can rent off-road vehicles or buy items. Many buildings are extant, though the town hall and a few other buildings were destroyed by fire in 2002. Buena Vista Heritage is rebuilding the town hall to its original state.</p><br>
<p>Due to many break-ins and vandalisms, though there are few inhabitants of St. Elmo, Colorado, they are fiercely protective of the history and their neighborhood, and request that any and all visitors treat the town with consideration and respect.</p><br>
<p>The Montford Area Historic District is a mainly residential neighborhood in Asheville, North Carolina that is included in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service the origin of the name Montford is unknown. In 1893, Montford was incorporated as an autonomous village to the north of Asheville. This was a tiny community of about 50 people, mainly local businessmen and their families.</p><br>
<p>In 1889 the Asheville Loan, Construction, and Improvement Company began to develop the neighborhood. The firm purchased and subdivided tracts of undeveloped land north of Battery Park and sold lots. The enterprise languished until it was taken over by George Willis Pack, a lumber tycoon from the midwest who moved to Asheville in 1885. He is best known today as a philanthropist and benefactor of the Asheville Library and principal public square. He also donated land for Montford Park on the southern end of Montford Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In 1905 the village of Montford was annexed to the city, and though a few structures survived from the original village, Montford lost its autonomous identity. Today, Montford is bounded by USA Routes 19/23, I-240, and Broadway St.</p><br>
<p>Most of the districts 600 buildings—primarily residences—were constructed between 1890 and 1920. The people who bought lots and built in the Montford area in its building prime were for the most part middle class individuals who carried out the day-to-day activities of the city—businessmen, lawyers, doctors, and a few architects. Several residents found immortality in Thomas Wolfes autobiographical Look Homeward, Angel. Early city directories indicate a mixed population of working class citizens and highly paid professionals, both whites and blacks.</p><br>
<p>Though predominantly single family homes, land use in Montford has been mixed since the earliest days of development. The old Highland Hospital, located off the northern end of Montford Avenue, was the scene of a deadly fire in 1948. Among the victims was Zelda Fitzgerald, wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald.</p><br>
<p>The homes in the neighborhood represent an amalgam of architectural styles including Victorian, Queen Anne, Arts and Crafts, Neoclassical, and Colonial Revival. Also common are homes built to resemble castles. The neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, much of the Montford neighborhood was designated as a Historic District and listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 1981 the Asheville City Council designated the Montford Historic District a local historic district, as well.</p><br>
<p>Today the Montford community is home to several homes and businesses including many bed and breakfasts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Montford is popularly called a "Victorian" neighborhood. While some of these architectural features do abound in Montford, the term does not do full justice to the neighborhood&#39;s complex overall character, which is that of a late and post-Victorian suburb. The architects and builders of Montford were strongly influenced by a variety of progressive styles and design ideas that were emerging nationally in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood mirrors in subtle ways Asheville&#39;s cosmopolitan character at the turn of the century. Artistic influences in the town, including details from national architectural trendsetters like Bruce Price, Bernard Maybeck, Frank Lloyd Wright, and others exist in Montford houses, but were relatively unknown in other parts of the state.</p><br>
<p>The Rankin House at 192 Elizabeth Street is Montford&#39;s oldest home, a Greek Revival style residence built around 1846 with Italianate embellishments.</p><br>
<p>When Montford&#39;s development began full force in 1889, the dominant building fashion around the country was what is generally called the Queen Anne style. This was a building mode with many variations, but one generally characterized by irregular, complex massing and rooflines, corner turrets or towers, a mixture of surface textures, and a lavish use of ornamental devices.</p><br>
<p>The arrival of English architect Richard Sharp Smith to Asheville in the late nineteenth century profoundly affected the city&#39;s subsequent architectural development. Best known as supervising architect for the Biltmore House, Smith opened an office afterwards and a few homes in Montford can be directly traced to him. His favorite motifs were gambrel roofs, hipped gables, pebbledash or stucco walls, heavy porch brackets and simple Colonial Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The use of shingles, stone, stucco, earth colors and informal composition became an established tradition in Montford.</p><br>
<p>Among the most numerous and most important houses in the district are those executed in the Shingle style. This prevalence reflects both the prosperity of the town and the presence of architects and clients acquainted with this fashionable trend.</p><br>
<p>A variety of houses in Montford are in the Colonial Revival style, which became popular in the first few decades of the twentieth century. The earliest examples of this style have an informal quality, and are identified chiefly through the use of the gambrel roof and shingle wall coverings.</p><br>
<p>The Montford Hills sub-division of Montford, developed in the mid to late 1920s, incorporates designs found in Montford&#39;s original homes.</p><br>
<h2>Highland Hospital</h2><br>
<p>In addition to residential buildings, the historic Highland Hospital was located in Montford. Originally named Dr. Carrolls Sanitorium after Asheville psychiatrist Robert S. Carroll, was located in Montford in 1909 and renamed Highland Hospital in 1912. The campus included Dr. Carrolls home, where jazz singer Nina Simone studied piano with Carrolls wife. In 1939, Carroll gave the hospital to Duke Universitys Neuropsychiatric Department.</p><br>
<p>The hospital is best known for a 1948 fire in which Zelda Fitzgerald died along with eight other patients. Duke sold the property in the 1980s, and it was the home office for Genova Diagnostics until the corporate offices moved to Nettlewood in 2013. Highland Hall (as it is now called) is currently a stop on the Asheville Historic Trolley Tours.</p><br>
<h2>Riverside Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The district also includes the 87 acre Riverside Cemetery, established in 1885. Thirteen thousand people are buried in the cemetery. The cemetery is the final resting place of a wide cross-section of prominent Carolinians: authors Thomas Wolfe and William Sydney Porter (better known by his pseudonym O. Henry); former North Carolina governor and Senator Zebulon Baird Vance and his two wives, Harriett Newell Espy Vance and Florence Steele Martin Vance; Farmer and slave owner Mira Margaret Baird Vance, Senator Jeter Connelly Pritchard; Governor Locke Craig; Confederate generals Robert B. Vance, James Green Martin and Thomas Lanier Clingman; Lillian Exum Clement, first woman elected to the North Carolina state legislature; Loula Roberts Platt, suffragist and first woman to run for a seat in the North Carolina Senate; and George Masa, a photographer known for documenting the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Asheville Cemetery Company established the cemetery not only for that purpose but also to serve as a park. The city took it over in 1952.</p><br>
<h3>Riverside Cemetery Gallery</h3><br>
<p>A few of the many images of the Cemetery on Wikimedia:</p><br>
<h2>Montford Area Historic District Gallery</h2><br>
<p>A few of the many images of the District on Wikimedia :</p><br>
<p>The Chapel of the Centurion is the oldest continually used wooden military structure for religious services in the United States. It is located inside Fort Monroe, a former military installation located in Hampton, Virginia. The Chapel is named for Cornelius the Centurion, who is believed to be the first Gentile to convert to Christianity.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the chapel began in 1856 and it was consecrated on May 3, 1858. It was designed by architect, Richard Upjohn, in the Carpenter Gothic style. Fort Monroe is no longer an active Army post.</p><br>
<p>It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Current</h2><br>
<p>The Chapel had an active congregation and On March 25, 2012, Lucious B. Morton was installed as the first civilian and first permanent pastor of the Centurion Interdenominational Church.</p><br>
<p>The Nelson W. Aldrich House, also known as the Dr. S. B. Tobey House, is a Federal-style house at 110 Benevolent Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. The house was the home of Nelson W. Aldrich, a USA Senator from 1881 to 1911. Aldrich was a dominant and controversial figure in the Senate, exercising significant control over the legislative process. This house, one of two surviving properties associated with Aldrich, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is now a house museum operated by the Rhode Island Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>House history</h2><br>
<p>Robert S. Burroughs hired John Holden Greene to build the house in 1821. The house passed through several owners before Aldrich purchased it. Sometime before 1838 the house was enlarged by Burroughs. The exact date beginning Aldrich&#39;s tenure in the house is uncertain: some sources cite a 1902 deed recording his purchase, while Aldrich biographer Arthur Johnson claims the family moved into this house in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Aldrich had his preferred architects, Stone, Carpenter & Willson, thoroughly remodel the house. The most notable exterior alterations include the addition of a third floor and several porches. Aldrich made this house his primary residence until his death in 1915. Aldrichs daughter, Abby, married John D. Rockefeller Jr. Vice-president Nelson Rockefeller was named after his grandfather Aldrich. Abbys son Winthrop deeded the house to the Rhode Island Historical Society in 1974, and Aldrich House currently serves as the Society headquarters and offers changing Rhode Island historical displays.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Nelson W. Aldrich was born in 1841 in Foster, Rhode Island, and made a fortune while rising through the ranks of Waldron and Wightman, a leading Rhode Island wholesale grocer. He entered politics in 1869, and was elected to the United States Senate in 1881. In a 30-year career in that body, Aldrich was a resolutely pro-business Republican, supporting protectionist tariffs, frequently leading successful attempts to defeat or water down attempts to lower them, at times despite popular support for lowered tariffs. Following the Panic of 1907, Aldrich developed a plan for a new central bank that became, with modifications he opposed, the Federal Reserve System created by the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Aldrich was also a key figure in formalizing the powers held by Senate political officers, resulting in part in the concentration of significant power in his own hands. He died in New York City in 1915.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the house is a three-story wood-frame structure resting on a stuccoed brick foundation. It has a low-pitch hip roof, with a cupola on top and two chimneys rising from the sides. There are porches on the sides, of which the one on the right has been enclosed. The main block is five bays wide and four deep, and is clad in wood clapboard with corner quoining. The roof line is decorated by modillions and a denticulated frieze, with a low wooden railing extending around the roof. The main entry is sheltered by a portico supported by pairs of Doric columns, with a Palladian window on the second level above and a smaller three-part window on the third level.</p><br>
<p>Three wings extend from the rear of the house. Deed research indicates that the large three-story wing immediately to the rear was built in the 1850s. The decorations on this wing are slightly simpler than those on the main block, but the roof railings match. A two-story addition extends further back from this ell, and a third addition encloses a space behind the enclosed right-side porch.</p><br>
<p>The John Brown House borders the campus of Brown University at 52 Power Street on College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island. Completed in 1788, it was the first mansion to be built in Providence and is named after its first owner, John Brown, a statesman, merchant, slave trader, and early benefactor of the University.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The American president John Quincy Adams called it "the most magnificent and elegant private mansion that I have ever seen on this continent."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by John Browns brother Joseph, an amateur architect who had also designed the First Baptist Church in America. It was built between 1786 and 1788. Notable guests during this time include George Washington, who is reported to have visited for tea. Brown was an admirer of Washington, modeling this house on Mount Vernon and commissioning a mural of Washingtons inauguration in one of the rooms. The carriage house of the Brown House contains a chariot owned by Brown and purportedly used by Washington during a visit to Providence.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold in 1901 to Rhode Island industrialist and banker Marsden J. Perry. Perry renovated the extension to add modern bathrooms and central heating systems. John Nicholas Brown purchased it in 1936. In 1942, the Brown family donated the house to the Rhode Island Historical Society for preservation, and the society restored it to its original colonial decor. The museum now contains many original furniture pieces provided by the Brown family estate.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>The lawn of the John Brown House is the setting for the Rhode Island Historical Society&#39;s annual summer concert series "Concerts Under the Elms." The concerts feature a variety of mostly local music talent, ranging from Big Band to Latin Jazz to folk, oldies, and more. Local food trucks provide meals.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a three-story brick structure with a hipped roof topped by a flat section. Both the main roof line and the flat section are ringed by a low balustrade. Four chimneys rise from the sides of the house, and its main entrance is in a center projecting section topped by a small triangular pediment. The entry is sheltered by a portico supported by sandstone Doric columns, and there is a Palladian window above the portico. The interior of the house follows a traditional Georgian plan, with a central hallway flanked by two rooms on either side. The hall is particularly grand, with engaged columns supporting architectural busts and a two-stage stairwell with an ornate twisting banister. Richly detailed woodwork is evident in all of the public rooms. Eleven of the building&#39;s twelve mantelpieces are original.</p><br>
<p>Five Forks Battlefield is a battlefield of the American Civil War, the location of the Battle of Five Forks , in which Union Army forces broke through Confederate Army lines, opening the way to gain control of the last rail line to besieged Petersburg. The Confederate loss caused them to abandon that city, which undermined the defense of Richmond, the Confederate capital. Final surrender of the Confederate forces would occur at Appomattox Courthouse eight days later.</p><br>
<p>Part of the battlefield site is a unit of Petersburg National Battlefield, with public access that includes access trails to points of interest in the area. An area of more than 1,200 acre around Five Forks was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 419 acres of the battlefield.</p><br>
<h2>Battle</h2><br>
<p>General Robert E. Lee had ordered George Picketts infantry and several units of cavalry to hold Five Forks at all costs. In the battle on April 1, 1865, Union troops under Gouverneur K. Warren broke through Picketts lines, while Philip H. Sheridan personally led the cavalry charge, all of which overwhelmed the Confederate forces.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield area covers nearly all the area of fighting, and it includes a home named "Burnt Quarter". It includes the location of a shad bake (a fish feast), where General Pickett, unaware of the battle going on, was entertained. It is reported that unusual cloud conditions prevented the sound of artillery from carrying as far as it usually would.</p><br>
<p>The YWCA Building, located at 25 West Rayen Avenue in Youngstown, Ohio, is an historic building built in 1911 for members of the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association. On July 23, 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. YWCA Mahoning Valley, formerly known as YWCA Youngstown, occupies the building. YWCA Youngstown merged with YWCA Warren on May 1, 2018, to become YWCA Mahoning Valley. YWCA Mahoning Valley also operates a site at 375 North Park Avenue in Warren, Ohio, as well as scattered-site housing in the greater Youngstown area.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>YWCA Building ** (added 1986 - Building - #86001949)</p><br>
<p>25 W. Rayen Ave., Youngstown</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Wade, Angus</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Classical Revival</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Social History</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1900-1924</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Social</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Civic</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Social</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Civic</p><br>
<h2>History and current use</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1911 for members of the YWCA. Like many YWCAs of the time, the Youngstown YWCA provided rooms for single women to rent in addition to providing recreational and social activities. YWCA Mahoning Valley is still actively using this building as its headquarters and administrative offices. Housing is now provided for homeless families as well as homeless women. in 2009 and 2010, YWCA Youngstown (as it was known at the time) received grant money to convert its 36 existing single room units in this building into 30 self-contained efficiency and one-bedroom units.</p><br>
<p>The Waldo Theatre is a historic movie theater and performance venue at 916 Main Street in Waldoboro, Maine. Built in 1936 as a movie theater to a design by New York City architect Benjamin Schlanger, it was hailed at the time as one of the best-designed state-of-the-art small theaters in the country. It is now managed by a non-profit arts organization. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Waldo Theatre stands on the north side of Waldoboro&#39;s downtown Main Street, next door to the former USA Customhouse and Post Office. It is a two-story masonry structure with brick walls, wooden trim, and a gabled roof. The front has a Classical temple appearance, with four Tuscan columns rising to an entablature and fully pedimented gable. The gable rake edge and cornice are studded with modillions. The interior has minimal decoration, with that present suggestive of the Art Deco period. The theater seats about 400 in the main floor and balcony.</p><br>
<p>The theater was built in 1936 by the local Cooney family, to a design by New York architect Benjamin Schlanger, who was well known for his theater designs. Its design features included seats of varying width, as well as some seats fitted for the hearing impaired.The floor is sloped, and the seats set at a slant, for more comfortable viewing of an elevated screen. The ventilation system was state of the art, allowing for rapid exchanges of air for climate control. The theater showed movies through the 1950s, and was then adapted for use by the local Masonic lodge, also seeing some use as a live performance venue.</p><br>
<p>The Wilbur Wynant House  was a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in Gary, Indiana, United States. During the end of the house&#39;s lifespan it was in poor condition; in the mid-2000s it was purchased by a man who planned to restore it, but it was destroyed by fire on January 9, 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Fire</h2><br>
<p>On January 9, 2006, the Wynant House burned. Officials suspect arson as the cause of this unexpected fire. The remaining structure was subsequently razed and the lot was confirmed to be vacant in November 2012.</p><br>
<p>Elko County Courthouse is a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located at 571 Idaho Street in Elko, Nevada.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original courthouse building was finished in 1869. It was torn down in 1910 and replaced with the current building.</p><br>
<p>The site was "a scene of terror" on the night of July 18, 1870, when a giant burning chandelier fell into a throng of people.</p><br>
<p>The Yelverton Inn and Store is a group of four historical buildings in Chester, New York, United States. Located on NY 94 where the highway turns from Main to Academy Street. The complex includes the original 1765 inn, its barn and shed, and the 1841 store, known locally as Durland&#39;s. The latter building is a rare surviving example of a Greek Revival commercial building. Both the Inn and store have been local landmarks in Chester for many years, and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The buildings, which hosted Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and George Washington at different times, are well-preserved examples of their periods and architectural styles.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The inn, the earliest of the three to be built, is a two-story L-shaped frame residence facing Main Street adjacent to the First Presbyterian Church of Chester. A smaller northern wing was later almost enveloped by a five-bay gabled section to form the present building. Later, an enclosed porch was built. Two Federal style doorways were also added in the early 19th century when that style was popular.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the original flooring, doors and most trim remain. The interior doors have an unusual "tau-cross" frame in which applied molding surrounds flat inset panels. A fireplace in the master bedroom was probably added around 1795.</p><br>
<p>It has a frame shed and barn behind it. The shed has an unusual decoration of 17 round holes drilled below the cornice on the gable end. The three-story barn has a lower section of brick and stone yielding to shingle up top.</p><br>
<p>The store was first raised on Christmas Day in 1841 and finished the next spring. An overhang and the front pillars were added later that year. Its west wing was originally a separate structure; after being connected it was used as a storeroom.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local deeds show that John Yelverton bought the land where the buildings now stand around 1755. The 1765 date long accepted as the year of the inn&#39;s construction seems likely from his will dated two years later, which names his son Abijan as the "innkeeper".</p><br>
<p>The first of several historic events in the inn&#39;s history took place on September 3, 1774, when local voters gathered there chose Henry Wisner of nearby Goshen as their delegate to the First Continental Congress. He was among those who voted, two years later, to declare independence but was not able to actually sign the Declaration of Independence as he had to attend to his duties as a member of the provincial congress. During the ensuing war, local militia were encamped and mustered on a nearby hillside.</p><br>
<p>In the last years of the war, on July 27, 1782, George Washington slept at the inn on his way back from Philadelphia to his headquarters in Newburgh to meet with Count Rochambeau. The event was commemorated 125 years later with a plaque attached to the building by the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>After the war ended, a major local land dispute was settled on the grounds of the inn. Early in the century, two land grants had been made taking up most of what is now Orange County. They were known as the Wawayanda Patent, mostly to the southern portion of the county, and the Cheesecocks Patent to some of the northern areas. The former had not specified precisely where its northern boundary lay, and over the course of the century different owners claimed title to the same tracts of land. Several times during the colonial era this dispute had flared into litigation and sometimes violence, without being conclusively settled.</p><br>
<p>The Cheesecocks patentees claimed the boundary ran along a straight line rather than mountains, hilltops and ridges. As many as 52,000 acres (20,800 ha) were at stake, and a Suffolk County court ordered the creation of a special commission to hear the case upstate. It held its trial in a nearby barn (not the existing one), with the attorneys for the parties likely staying at the inn. Among those representing the Wawayanda claimants, who ultimately prevailed, were Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. Elias Boudinot and Ezra L&#39;Hommedieu were also present.</p><br>
<p>The Versailles Town Hall and Wayne Township House, located at 4 West Main Street in Versailles, Ohio, in the United States, is an historic brick town hall building built between 1875 and 1876 by joint resolution of the Versailles Village Council and the Wayne Township Trustees. It is also known as the Versailles Village Hall. On February 18, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During June and July, 1875, the Versailles Village Council and the Wayne Township Trustees met and agreed to build a structure to be called the Versailles Town Hall and Wayne Township House, for the joint use of both governmental bodies. Completed by local builders in the following year, it served originally as the jail and fire station, and also included in the building were community meeting rooms and a theater. Among the most distinctive features of the building&#39;s architecture are large double doors at the entrance, topped with a prominent transom. Such a structure is quite uncommon in the villages of western Ohio, where fine Italianate town halls are very rare.</p><br>
<p>The Town Hall and Township House was one of the few structures to survive a massive fire that destroyed most of downtown Versailles in 1901. Today, the building houses the village&#39;s municipal offices, police department, and rescue squad. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 because of its place in local history and because of its well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>W.T. Blackwell & Co. Tobacco was a tobacco manufacturer in Durham, North Carolina. It was best known as the original producer of Bull Durham Tobacco, the first nationally marketed brand of tobacco products in the United States. The Blackwell tobacco factory in Durham, built in 1874, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977. It is included in the American Tobacco Company Manufacturing Plant historic district, and is now occupied by apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the occupation of Durham by various military forces in the American Civil War, the quality of some of its tobacco was recognized. Former soldiers sought to acquire the tobacco produced by John Ruffin Green, who created the Bull Durham logo. Green in 1868 partnered with William T. Blackwell, who after Greens death formed a partnership with Julian S. Carr to continue producing and marketing the brand. The company experienced rapid growth, due in part to one of the nations first nationwide advertising campaigns, which made the Bull Durham logo widely recognizable. The Bull Durham brand continued, through ownership changes, until 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Factory</h2><br>
<p>The Blackwell factory, located at the corner of West Pettigrew and Blackwell Streets in Durham, was built in stages between 1874 and 1903. It is a four-story brick building, with commercial Italianate style. It has a central courtyard, and was, at 94,000 ft&sup2, once billed as the world&#39;s largest tobacco factory. The Bull Durham brand was manufactured at this facility until 1957, when its manufacture was transferred to a factory in Richmond, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Manor House, formally known as Belmont Plantation, is a two-story, five-part Federal mansion in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States, built between the years of 1799–1802 by Ludwell Lee , son of Richard Henry Lee. The land surrounding the mansion, the Belmont property, was handed down to his first wife , Flora Lee, from their grandfather, Thomas Lee.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Belmont census-designated place, the Belmont Manor House and property have been owned since 1995 by Toll Brothers, Inc. It uses the Manor House as the clubhouse in a gated golf community. The property and house are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation has been visited by many notable figures in history including President James Madison in 1812. The President was said to use the plantation as a safe haven throughout the War of 1812 after the British attacked Washington, D.C. Another figure who visited the plantation was General and diplomat La Fayette, who came to the Manor home to visit Ludwell Lee in 1825.</p><br>
<p>The Manor home is located at the highest point in eastern Loudoun County, with views of the surrounding hills and mountain ranges of the approaches to the nearby town of Leesburg, Virginia and the Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><br>
<p>In 1836, Margaret Mercer purchased the Belmont home from Lees heirs; she intended to adapt it as a womens Christian school. After her death, the estate was sold to a prominent Alexandria, Virginia slave trader George Kephart, whose daughter also operated a school (though soon moved to a different location and which closed after Virginia adopted free public education in its post-Civil War constitution. In 1887, the home was bought by Frederick P Stanton, a governor of Kansas, who sold it in 1907 to John Scott Ferguson, a Pittsburgh attorney and cousin of Evelyn Nesbit Thaw. In 1915, Ferguson sold it to the McLean family. The McLean family is notable as the owners of the Hope Diamond.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, Edward B. McLean, son of the publisher of The Washington Post acquired the property and built a horse stable and training track for Thoroughbreds. McLean dispersed his bloodstock in June 1931 and in December the estate was sold to Patrick J. Hurley and his wife. Hurley is notable as the Secretary of War under President Herbert Hoover. In 1963, the IBM Corporation bought the property and adapted it as their management retreat center. By the 1980s, the house had fallen into disrepair and required renovation, with extensive damage to the inside.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, Toll Brothers, Inc. purchased the property to build a golf community gated community around it, while using the renovated Manor home as a clubhouse. It received an extensive addition to incorporate restaurants and the club house, all within the overall architectural theme and style of the original home. Within the original home, despite the damage sustained from neglect, various bas relief artworks and plasterwork remained in place.</p><br>
<p>In November 2019, ClubCorp, a leading owner-operator of private golf and country clubs and stadium clubs in North America, acquired Belmont Country Club from Toll Golf along with six other premier lifestyle golf clubs on the East Coast.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The Belmont Manor house sits on the peak of the plantation property and one of the highest points in eastern Loudoun County. It has many panoramic views of the countryside and the Blue Ridge Mountains. This house was traditionally home to a "rich equestrian tradition"—steeplechase racing, and fox hunting.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is encased with a portico with two Doric columns on either side, elaborate and decorative detail throughout. The first floor consists of a large center hall, the foyer, which is encased on either side by two large reception rooms that are all decorated with paneled wainscoting. The reception rooms on the East and West side both have their own fireplace with mantels that said to be gifts to Lafayette in 1825. The stairway is an ornamental structure in the center hall section that has a "molded handrail and thin, square balusters, three to a step." On the second floor, there are bedrooms with ornamental federal style woodwork, along with a fancy bath. The house has been restored to its appearance in the beginning of the 19th century. It was remodeled once in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The only outbuilding of the Manor house that is still standing today is a small, stone smokehouse. A cemetery is located on the west side of the manor house and holds the grave of Ludwell Lee. The slave cemetery is nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Chowan County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Edenton, the county seat of Chowan County, North Carolina. Built in 1767, it is one of the finest examples of public Georgian architecture in the American South. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The old Chowan County Courthouse is located in downtown Edenton, at the northwest corner of East King and Court Streets. It is separated from the city waterfront by a one-block park. It is a two-story, T-shaped Georgian style building. Its brickwork is laid in Flemish bond. It has a one-story semicircular apse at its center rear and features a two-stage wooden cupola with ogival roof surmounted by a tall-weathervane. The interior has a large courtroom on the ground floor, and a ballroom on the second. The building has seen only relatively modest alterations.</p><br>
<p>Edenton was settled in 1658 and incorporated in 1712, and is counted as the first permanent European settlement in North Carolina. Its first courthouse, built in 1719, was also the seat of the colonial assembly, and was located on the land of the park. This courthouse was commissioned to be built in 1766, and completed in 1767, and its design has been attributed to Gilbert Leigh, who was living in Edenton at the time of its construction. It has also been attributed to John Hawks, who designed Tryon Palace in New Bern, was active in North Carolina at the time. It is the oldest courthouse building in North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is one of several sites of. Other historic sites open for tour include the James Iredell House, Roanoke River Light, Barker House, Cupola House and St. Paul&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>Coolmore Plantation, also known as Coolmore and the Powell House, is a historic plantation house located near Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Built in 1858–61, the main house is one of the finest Italianate style plantation houses in the state. The house and its similarly styled outbuildings were designed by Baltimore architect E. G. Lind for Dr. Joseph J.W. and Martha Powell. Coolmore was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture in 1978, and is a Save America&#39;s Treasures projects.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Coolmore is located west of Tarboro, on the south side of ALT United States Route 64 east of McNair Road. Set on a curving drive, the main house is a two-story wood-frame structure, with single-story wings to either side. Its roof is hipped, but there are gabled projections with wide overhanging eaves supported by elaborately cut brackets. First-floor windows are paired narrow rectangular sash, set in segmented-arch openings with molded bracketed hoods, while second-floor windows are paired round-arch sash. The interior is divided into elaborately decorated and unusually shaped chambers. At its center is a freestanding elliptical staircase. One of the downstairs parlors features a high-quality trompe-l&#39;œil mural on the ceiling. Outbuildings with similar exterior styling include servants quarters, smokehouse, and a carriage house, all of which sport cupolas similar to that on the main house.</p><br>
<p>The property was donated to Preservation North Carolina in the early 1990s. Opening Coolmore to the general public at this time is not realistic, due to the fragility of its signature oval stairwell, Trompe-lœil paneling, elaborate plasterwork, and decorative painting. So the property has been leased long-term to resident curators, direct descendants of the original builder who open it periodically by appointment and take care of routine operating and capital needs. Preservation North Carolina has taken responsibility for developing a conservation plan for the property and for dealing with the extensive artwork in the main house. An endowment for the property has been started at the North Carolina Community Foundation to help with Coolmores long-term care.</p><br>
<p>Coolmore was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Josephus Daniels House, also known as Wakestone, and later the Masonic Temple of Raleigh, was a historic mansion at 1520 Caswell Street in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1920, it was the home until his death in 1948 of Josephus Daniels, influential Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson, as well as a controversial editor of The News & Observer in Raleigh for decades. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. After Daniels&#39; death it was purchased by the local Freemasons, who made additions to the building and continued to use it as their meeting hall into the 21st century. The building was demolished in August 2021 to make way for a new development of high end homes.</p><br>
<h2>Description and History</h2><br>
<p>The former Daniels House was named Wakestone by Josephus&#39; wife, Addie Worth Bagley Daniels. It stood in a residential area north of downtown Raleigh, on a 3 acre landscaped parcel bounded on the east by Glenwood Avenue (United States Route 70), on the south by Wade Avenue, and on the west by Caswell Street, where the main drive entered the property. The property was separated from other residential properties to the north by a hedgerow. The house was oriented facing west, with a curving drive providing access to parking areas to the west and south (formerly the sites of gardens kept by Mr. and Mrs. Daniels). The house was a -story stone structure, roughly U-shaped, with a rectangular main block and two wings extending eastward to the rear. The area between the two rear wings was filled in and extended further east, with a large meeting space added by the Masons in the 1950s. This addition was built of similar stone to the main house, and did not detract from the view of the house as seen from the front.</p><br>
<p>Wakestone was also described as "the worlds smallest naval base". According to local lore, upon his retirement from the Navy, Daniels asked that a naval gun be placed in his front yard. In order to complete his request, supposedly, a small part of the property had to be designated as a naval base. While it remained, the gun was located in front of the buildings front porch.</p><br>
<p>The front facade of the house was dominated by a four-column Neoclassical Greek portico, its columns capped by Egyptian capitals, and supporting a fully pedimented gable. The main entrance was flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, which rose to an architrave and an iron-balustraded balcony for the second floor. The interior of the house retained many fine finishes, although some of its upstairs bedrooms had been converted into meeting spaces, and much of the eastern outer wall was removed to provide access to the large meeting wing.</p><br>
<p>Josephus Daniels, for whom the house was built in 1920, was one of the most important US Secretaries of the Navy in the 20th century, serving from 1913 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. Daniels brought the Navy to a wartime footing during World War I, and oversaw many improvements and reforms in its operations and practices. He provided educational opportunities for poor and illiterate personnel, provided for the enlistment of women, banned alcohol from the officer&#39;s mess, and combated collusive bidding practices in government contracting. He later served as United States Ambassador to Mexico, where he antagonized American oil interests by refusing to promote their agenda.</p><br>
<p>Daniels was also a newspaper editor from the 1880s until his death - For decades he managed The News & Observer in Raleigh, at the time North Carolinas largest circulation newspaper. He and his newspaper "championed the white supremacy cause in frequent news reports, vigorously worded editorials, provocative letters, and vicious front page cartoons that called attention to what the newspaper called the horrors of negro rule.&#39;" Daniels argued that as long as African Americans had any political power, they would block progressive reforms.</p><br>
<h2>Fate</h2><br>
<p>In February 2021, the Raleigh City Council voted to revoke the property&#39;s historic landmark status, reportedly due to its association with Josephus Daniels, who, in addition to being a vehement white supremacist and segregationist, was also one of the leading perpetrators of the Wilmington insurrection of 1898.</p><br>
<p>The house was bought on 10 March 2021 by Beacon Street Caswell LLC and was torn down in August 2021.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Wolfe House, also known as the Thomas Wolfe Memorial, is a state historic site, historic house and museum located at 52 North Market Street in downtown Asheville, North Carolina. The American author Thomas Wolfe  lived in the home during his boyhood. The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with Wolfe. It is located in the Downtown Asheville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-story frame house was built in 1883, influenced by Queen Anne style architecture in the United States. By 1906, when Wolfe&#39;s mother, Julia E. (Westall) Wolfe (1860–1945), bought the house, it was a boarding house named "Old Kentucky Home". She soon went to live at her business with Tom, while the other Wolfes remained at their Woodfin Street residence. Wolfe lived at the boarding house until he went to the University of North Carolina in 1916. Julia Wolfe enlarged the house in 1917 by adding five rooms.</p><br>
<p>Wolfe used the house as the setting for his first novel, Look Homeward, Angel (1929). Changing the name of his mother&#39;s boarding house to "Dixieland" in his autobiographical fiction, he incorporated his own experiences among family, friends and boarders into the book.</p><br>
<p>The house became a memorial to Wolfe after his mother&#39;s death (he having died relatively young of tuberculosis). It has been open to visitors since the 1950s, owned by the state of North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources since 1976 and designated as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The home is relatively unchanged from the time of its construction. The house was built with handmade brick and has interior walls 14 inches (36 cm) thick. The interior walls are plaster on brick. Three rooms and the foyer feature hand-painted wall treatments created in the mid-19th century. The most elaborate painting is found in the parlor, where an unknown artisan used blue, lavender, burgundy, and gold leaf to create beautiful designs throughout, including a detailed cross motif above the door.</p><br>
<p>The ceiling in the parlor is also decorated with gold leaf and the mantle features a faux marble finish which has deteriorated, but is still visible. Several doors in the house were decorated using a technique known as faux bois, or painting a common wood to look like a finer wood. In the William S. Simmons plantation, this technique was used to add wood grain and even the appearance of panels to several doors.</p><br>
<p>The home is a traditional two-story Georgia central hall plan which features a main hall running from the front to the back of the house, with four symmetrical rooms on each floor. The central hall contains a hand carved staircase leading to the second floor. There is an additional staircase located off the living room which leads to a private upstairs bedroom, believed to have originally served as a nursery.</p><br>
<p>The home has heart pine floors throughout with one foot (30 cm) wide baseboards, door trim, and window casements. Each of the eight rooms features a fireplace. In all but one room, the mantles are hand carved. The eighth room, currently used as a kitchen, has a stone fireplace and hearth.</p><br>
<p>The home also has a daylight basement accessed by a narrow stairway off the central hall. The basement has a masonry floor and an additional fireplace. There is a door which once led outside, but now opens under a 20th-century bathroom addition to the home. The door most likely was once used to bring food into the home from a brick cookhouse located behind the main house.</p><br>
<p>The brick cookhouse is known as the "Cherokee Kitchen". According to legend, Cherokee Indian sub-chief David Vann lived in this structure at one time. David Vann served as treasurer of the Cherokee nation and Vann&#39;s Valley, where Cave Spring is now located, is named for him.</p><br>
<p>The cookhouse is constructed of the same handmade brick used in the building of the main house. It has two rooms with large fireplaces, one with a built-in oven.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In A History of Rome and Floyd County Volume I, reference is made to David Vann living temporarily at "The Lake House" in Cave Spring. Although "The Lake House" could refer to James Lake, an early Cave Spring settler, it is not known whether Lake himself built the extant structures on the William S. Simmons plantation.</p><br>
<p>What is known is that Armstead Richardson, another early settler and founder of Cave Spring, settled in Vann&#39;s Valley in 1828 and amassed a large amount of land.</p><br>
<p>Richardson sold this land to William S. Simmons, who in turn sold the land to Carter W. Sparks. Lake bought the property from Sparks in 1849. It is not known for certain whether Simmons, Carter, or Lake built the plantation home. Not only an early settler, Lake served on the Board of Commissioners for the Cave Spring School of the Deaf, then known as the Georgia Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the Lake family until 1875, when all 240 acres (97 ha) and structures were sold to W.T. Gibson. Gibson then sold the property to Green Cunningham. Upon his death in 1885, his niece Willie P. Montgomery inherited the property.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery sold the property in 1937 to her daughter, Lucille Montgomery. J.H. Wesley purchased the home and land from Montgomery in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The plantation home remained in the Wesley family until 2008, when only the house, including the Cherokee kitchen, was sold. The Wesley family still retains ownership of over two hundred acres (80 ha) surrounding the historic structures.</p><br>
<p>Hennepin is a shipwreck off the east coast of Lake Michigan, west of South Haven, Michigan. The ship was originally built in October 1888 and sank on August 18, 1927. Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates found the ship in 2006 and conducted several dives to assess the wreck&#39;s condition. The wreck was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 1, 2008. She is significant as the first self-unloading bulk carrier.</p><br>
<h2>Career</h2><br>
<p>The ship was built as George H. Dyer by the firm of Wolf and Davidson in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She was equipped with a steam engine at the time. The ship changed owners a few times, and in 1898, she was later Hennepin, after Louis Hennepin, an explorer of the Great Lakes.</p><br>
<p>The ship caught fire on June 27, 1901, in Buffalo, New York. The fire damaged most of the upper deck and most of the machinery. The ship was sold to the Lake Shore Stone Company, who fitted her with a conveyor belt and made her a self-unloading ship. This was the world&#39;s first self-unloading ship, providing the paradigm for the many self-unloading vessels. The ship had a 1600-ton capacity. She was put to work loading stone from a quarry in Stone Haven, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>Later, in 1923, she was purchased by Construction Materials Corporation and put to use hauling construction aggregate from a quarry on the Grand River to Chicago. The hull was wearing out and becoming unstable, so the ship was converted to a barge by removing her engine. She was hauled by the tugboats Ufasco in 1926 and Lotus in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>Loss</h2><br>
<p>On August 18, 1927, around 10:30 AM, Hennepin ran into a squall on Lake Michigan. The vessel had sprung a leak, and although the crew worked to save the ship, the pumps could not keep up with the volume of water coming in. The crew worked until 2:30 PM that afternoon, but they were unsuccessful, and the crew abandoned the ship for the safety of the tugboat Lotus. Hennepin finally sank around 6:00 PM. Upon the return to port, Captain Ole Hansen said, "She died a hard death."</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>Michigan Shipwreck Research Associates members were searching for the wreck of Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2501 in 2006. While mapping out sections of the lake, they discovered debris on the bottom that appeared to be a wreck. At first, they identified a small structure nicknamed a "rib cage", but more searching revealed a ship. They sent a team of technical divers to explore the wreck, which was in about 200 ft of water. The team examined a capstan and discovered the name "G.H. Dyer" stamped onto the cover, which confirmed it as Hennepin. The pilothouse had been blown off when it sank, but the wheel was still in place and intact. The ship had hit stern-first as identified by the wreckage. The conveyor belts and the A-frame crane structure were still in place and further identified the ship as Hennepin.</p><br>
<p>The Millett Opera House, home of the Austin Club, is a historic building in downtown Austin, Texas. Built in 1878 by local lumber seller Charles Millett on one of his lots, the house was one of the largest performance spaces in Texas upon its completion. It featured 800 removable seats, 24-inch limestone walls, and the largest enclosed space in Texas. The Opera House was designed by Frederick Ruffini, an architect working throughout Texas.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Public Free Schools (today the Austin Independent School District) purchased the opera house in 1940. In the 1950s, it was threatened with demolition, but preserved by a local group of concerned people. It housed a printing company until 1979, when a long-term lease was arranged for the Austin Club, a local private social club. The Austin Club now owns the opera house.</p><br>
<p>The Austin Club renovated the building and divided it into three stories, removing the performance space, but a portion of the original hand-painted ceiling is still installed in one of the meeting rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building is located at 110 East Ninth Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Link</h2><br>
<p>The Old Methodist District Parsonage is a 19th-century Italianate residence in Romney, West Virginia, United States. It is a two-story brick dwelling constructed between 1868 and 1882 to serve as the district parsonage for the area&#39;s Methodist churches. After it fell out of use by the church, the eight-room residence was purchased and restored by the Long family and currently features 18th and 19th century furnishings and folk art. The Old Parsonage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church, also known as Christ Church on Capitol Square, is an Episcopal church at 120 East Edenton Street in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1848–53 to a design by Richard Upjohn, it is one of the first Gothic Revival churches in the American South. The church was built for a parish established in 1821; its minister is the Rev. James P. Adams. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church is located within Raleigh&#39;s Capitol Area Historic District, just east of the North Carolina State Capitol at the southeast corner of East Edenton and South Wilmington Streets. It is a generally cruciform structure, built predominantly out of rough-cut stone that is varied in color, with dressed stone at the corners and openings. It has a red tile roof that is topped by cruciform finials at the gable ends. The walls are buttressed at the corners, and separating the bays on the long axis. A covered arcade extends north from the west end of the church, joining it to an otherwise-freestanding tower. The tower has three stages, with buttressed corners, and a lancet-louvered belfry in the upper level. It is crowned by a spire and a distinctive bronze weather vane.</p><br>
<p>The Christ Church parish was organized in 1821, and its first church was a wood-frame structure built in 1829. The present church was designed by Richard Upjohn in 1846, and was consecrated in 1854. At the suggestion of the churchs Bishop Levi Silliman Ives, Upjohn based his design on St. Marys in Burlington, New Jersey, which he had recently completed. The churchs parish house with chapel, added in 1913–1914, was designed by Upjohns grandson Hobart.</p><br>
<p>The Ravenscroft School, a private K–12 school in Raleigh, was started by members of the church and named after the Episcopal Bishop of the area at that time, John Stark Ravenscroft, who was also the rector of the church.</p><br>
<p>Olivia Raney served as organist until her death in 1896.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Author Armistead Maupin attended the church with his family as a child.</p><br>
<p>Anti-suffragist Mary Hilliard Hinton attended this church.</p><br>
<p>NC First Lady Fanny Yarborough Bickett attended this church.</p><br>
<p>Socialite Lucile Aycock McKee attended this church.</p><br>
<p>The Cupola House is a historic house museum in Edenton, North Carolina. Built in 1756–1758 , it is the second oldest building in Edenton, and the only known surviving example in the American South of a "jutt," or overhanging second floor. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cupola House is a two-story gable-roofed house with external brick end chimneys. It is now covered with weatherboards; recent research suggests it may originally have been covered with rusticated siding, similar to the siding still in place on the cupola. Mount Vernon and the Redwood Library have similar siding. The roof is covered with wooden shingles. Two main rooms flank a central passage, which was an uncommon layout in colonial North Carolina but was not rare in other colonies. The unique aspect of the house is its combination of a cupola with an overhanging upper story. The cupola is octagon-shaped and covered in wood that has been cut to imitate stonework.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house features elaborate finishing which denotes the "social hierarchy" of the rooms. The stair brackets of the staircase in the central hallway feature carved floral decorations and moldings, while the doors leading to the two main rooms are surmounted by pediments. The house includes ornate mantels and woodwork on first and second floors. The cupola is reached from the attic by a "barrel stair," a spiral stair framed within vertical wood sheathing that looks like a large barrel.</p><br>
<p>The house lot was originally more spacious, extending to Edenton Bay. The property was owned by a succession of merchants, including Richard Sanderson, a shipowner. Francis Corbin, the Earl of Granville&#39;s land agent, bought the lot in 1756 and built the current residence.</p><br>
<p>The Cupola House is one of several sites of historic Edenton. Other historic sites open for tour include the James Iredell House, Roanoke River Light, Barker House, Chowan County Courthouse and St. Paul&#39;s Church.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel F. Akin House is a historic house located at 19185 Akin Road in Farmington, Minnesota.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Italianate two-story farmhouse was built around 1860 from locally quarried limestone, and features a hipped roof with cupola on top. It is an example of the "Country Homes" style of Andrew Jackson Downing, a pioneer in American landscape architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Bethabara Historic District encompasses the surviving buildings and archaeological remains of a small Moravian community, that was first settled in 1753. Located in present-day Forsyth County, North Carolina, it is now a public park of the city of Winston-Salem. It was designated National Historic Landmark in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bethabara (from the Hebrew, meaning "House of Passage" and pronounced beth-ab-bra, the name of the traditional site of the Baptism of Jesus Christ) was a village located in what is now Forsyth County, North Carolina. It was the site where twelve men from the Moravian Church first settled in 1753 in an abandoned cabin in the 100,000 acre tract of land the church had purchased from Lord Granville and dubbed Wachovia.</p><br>
<p>Its early settlers were noted for advanced agricultural practices, especially their medicine garden, which produced over fifty kinds of herbs.</p><br>
<p>Bethabara was never meant to be a permanent settlement. It was intended to house the Moravians until a more suitable location for a central village could be found. Just six months after arriving in Wachovia, the Seven Years&#39; War (known as the French and Indian War in America) began in western Pennsylvania. The violence quickly spread to southwestern Virginia and western North Carolina. Bethabara hosted a large number of refugees until 1761. The establishment of a central town was delayed for thirteen years because of the growing Moravian population and hundreds of refugees.</p><br>
<p>Once it was felt safe to do so in 1766, the central town Salem was begun. Many of the buildings in Bethabara were dismantled, and used for the new structures in Salem. As the houses were taken down, the small rootcellars were pushed in and filled.</p><br>
<p>With Salem completed in 1771, the official seat of government was transferred from Bethabara to Salem. Only a few residents remained behind. Bethabara became a farming community which supplied food to the other Moravians towns in Wachovia.</p><br>
<p>In 1788, an enslaved person, Johann Samuel, was made superintendent of the farm. He was freed in 1801, after 50 years of servitude to the Moravians. Bethabara continued to decline. The principal industries were farming and pottery, well into the 1850s.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Bethabara Park</h2><br>
<p>Today, what remains of the village, including the excavated foundations of the original buildings, the restored Gemeinhaus (the Bethabara Moravian Church), and the reconstructed palisade and colonial gardens, is part of Historic Bethabara Park. The site was excavated by noted historical archaeologist Stanley South in the 1960s. The 183 acre park and wildlife preserve is located in Winston-Salem and is operated by the City of Winston-Salem Recreation & Parks Department as an open-air museum. The site also features 20 mi of nature trails.</p><br>
<p>There are frequent festivals and reenactments on the weekends, such as the Independence Weekend Celebration held the weekend prior to or during Independence Day.</p><br>
<p>The Bethabara site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1999. The Gemeinhaus was separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Saint Mary&#39;s is a 1909 Beaux-Arts Catholic church, located at 8433 239th Street East, New Trier in the USA state of Minnesota. The bright red building sits high on a hill overlooking the town, which was settled by German immigrants from Trier. The immigrants began arriving in 1854, and in 1857, they built a log church. In 1864, they built a larger stone church on a hill above the town.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 the congregation decided to build a new, larger church. George J. Ries of St. Paul, who also designed the Church of St. Agnes, used a Beaux-Arts style for the new church. It is built of red brick and can be seen for miles, being perched on a hilltop. The cornerstone from the old church is installed in the vestibule, and a five-foot tall statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary from 1862 is located in a shrine above the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its association with the German immigrants who almost exclusively populated southeastern Dakota County in the second half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Founded as the first Moravian settlement in Wachovia on November 17, 1753, Bethabara served until 1766 as the center of Moravian work in the South. The old historic church was built in 1788. Designed by Moravian administrator Friedrich Wilhelm von Marschall, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Bethabara Moravian Church facility was built in 1788 in what is now Winston-Salem, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The church is located at 2147 Bethabara Road. The congregation is still active, and meets down the road in an updated building at 2100 Bethabara Road, at the intersection with Indiana Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Hastings Foundry-Star Iron Works is a historic foundry building in Hastings, Minnesota, United States. Located at 707 First Street East, it was built by A. R. Morrell, an ironsmith from Vermont, in 1859. The building is historically significant as the location where the first steam engine in Minnesota was built . In 1861 the engine for the Stella Whipple was manufactured there as well. Iron for bridges and engines for railroad elevators, automobiles, and river boats were manufactured in this earliest surviving industrial site in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Rudolph Latto House is a historic house in Hastings, Minnesota, United States, built 1880–1881. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for local significance in architecture for its transitional Italianate/Eastlake design. It was built in white Chaska brick.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rudolph Latto was a German immigrant who arrived in Hastings in 1856 and rose from poverty to wealth as a brewer, banker, hotelier, and grocer, affording him the means to build his grand home. Upon its completion in 1881 it also served as a gathering place for Germans in the area. When Latto and his wife died without issue, they donated the building to the city for use as a hospital. It served as such 1914–1949, then was used as a nursing home from 1949 to 1985. With the building by then in need of major restoration, the Hastings government approved its sale to a private party. The new owners completed a restoration and reopened the house in 1989 as a bed and breakfast inn. The same owners had previously converted the nearby Thompson-Fasbender House into a bed and breakfast. After an ownership change, the Latto House is now The Historic Inn on Ramsey Street.</p><br>
<p>The MacDonald–Todd House is an 1857 home in Hastings in the USA state of Minnesota. The Greek Revival-style house was built by A.W. MacDonald in the utopian town of Nininger when he relocated to Dakota County from New York. He came to become the managing editor of the Emigrant Aid Journal. The paper was owned by Lieutenant Governor Ignatius Donnelly, who also founded the community of Nininger. In 1866, the home was moved across the ice in the Mississippi River to its present location, by Irving Todd, who had bought it for $385.</p><br>
<p>The Winnifred Street Bridge  is a concrete box girder bridge in Ruston, Washington. It was built in 1941 by S. R. Gray. The bridge has a 215 ft deck, and sits 74 ft above railroad tracks in a ravine.</p><br>
<p>After an inspection of the bridge, it was found to have structural deficiencies in its abutment wall, and was closed for repairs. The original guardrails were replaced, as well as the deck surface. In June 2003, the bridge reopened to traffic.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Ignatius Eckert House is historic house in Hastings, Minnesota, United States. It was built in Nininger, Minnesota, in the early 1850s and moved to Hastings in 1857 by then-owner Thomas Reed. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its local significance in architecture as an exemplary specimen of an Italian Villa-style house with a cupola. It is an example of the "Country Homes" style of Andrew Jackson Downing, a pioneer in American landscape architecture. The original owner, Reverend G. W. T. Wright, was a minister at the nearby Hastings Methodist Episcopal Church. Ignatius Eckert, a retired farmer, bought the home around 1909.</p><br>
<p>Hayes Farm, also known as Hayes Plantation, is a historic plantation near Edenton, North Carolina that belonged to Samuel Johnston , who served as Governor of North Carolina from 1787 to 1789. Johnston became one of the states first two United States Senators, serving from 1789 until 1793, and served later as a judge until retiring in 1803. Samuel Johnston died in 1816 at "the Hermitage," his home near Williamston in Martin County, N.C. The residence known as Hayes was completed by his son, James Cathcart Johnston, a year after Samuels death. There are numerous other structures on the property, some predating the Hayes house itself, including the Hayes Gatehouse, which James Johnston lived in prior to the construction of the Hayes house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Cathcart Johnston was known as a bachelor. Recent research published in 2013 reveals that although Johnston never married, he was the father of four daughters by his manumitted mistress, Edith "Edy" Wood, of nearby Hertford, N.C. Two of his girls died at the age of eight and nine in 1836, and his eldest daughter, Mary Virginia Wood Forten (daughter-in-law of wealthy African American abolitionist, James Forten), died in Philadelphia of tuberculosis in 1840, leaving behind her three-year-old daughter, the future diarist, poet, and equal rights activist Charlotte Forten Grimke. Johnstons youngest daughter, Annie Wood (1831–1879), was just six years older than her niece Charlotte, and the two girls were raised by Edy Wood until Edys death in 1846. The girls continued to be raised with the Forten-Purvis clan while Annie Wood was adopted by Amy Matilda Cassey, daughter of African American Episcopal priest, Peter Williams, Jr. and wife of wealthy African American financier and benefactor, Joseph Cassey. In 1850, after Joseph Casseys death, Amy Matilda Cassey married antislavery orator, Charles Lenox Remond, and moved from Philadelphia to his home in Salem, Massachusetts, taking Annie Wood with her. While in Salem, Annie Wood married her childhood sweetheart, John G. Webb, grandson of Vice President Aaron Burr and brother of Frank J. Webb, author of the second African American novel, The Garies and Their Friends. James Cathcart Johnston paid for Annie Woods education, made generous payments to her as she grew up, and promised her an "independence."</p><br>
<p>James C. Johnston died at the end of the Civil War and left Hayes to his "friend and advisor" Edward Wood of Greenfield Plantation. Edward Wood had several children with his wife Caroline Gilliam- Wood. However, Wood also fathered a daughter with a slave. His biracial daughter, Mariah was raised in the Wood home and was reared by her aunt Sarah Wood-Walker (house servant). Mr. Wood and his family moved to Hayes and members of the Wood family live there today. It is a working farm with numerous crops, including cotton, tobacco, peanuts and various grains. The modern day Wood family has hosted many functions and gatherings at the home including the North Carolina Supreme Court, the North Carolina House of Representatives, Governors Terry Sanford, James B. Hunt Jr., Pat McCrory and numerous other dignitaries.</p><br>
<p>The main house, considered by architectural scholars to be "one of the South&#39;s most accomplished examples of a five-part palladian villa," was designed by English-born architect, William Nichols, Sr., famous for his early Neoclassical-style buildings in the American South and for designing statehouses for three Southern states. Construction of the house began in 1814, but was not completed until 1817. The central block of the house is connected to its dependencies by curved hyphens. A broad belvedere crowns the roof of the central block. The plantation house is privately owned, but was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 7, 1973, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Hayes is located east of Edenton, overlooking Edenton Bay to the south and Queen Annes Creek to the north.</p><br>
<p>Just outside the home is a small graveyard called Johnstons cemetery. Many notable figures were buried here, including Penelope Barker, leader of the Edenton Tea Party; James Iredell, an associate justice to the USA Supreme Court; Samuel Johnston, Governor of North Carolina; James Iredell, Jr., Governor of North Carolina; and James Wilson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and one of the chief authors of the USA Constitution. Wilsons remains were moved in 1906 to Christ Church Philadelphia by the state of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, John G. Zehmer published a book on the plantation called Hayes: The Plantation, Its People, and Their Papers. The book consists of many historic documents, photos, and memories from various members of the Wood family and those who know it best.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service Southwest Regional Office, also known as National Park Service Region III Headquarters Building, is located at 1100 Old Santa Fe Trail in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The office provides support services for Park Service properties throughout the intermountain region of the American Southwest. The building, designed by NPS architect Cecil J. Doty, it is a traditional adobe building, built the 1930s by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps. It is the largest adobe office building in the nation, and a masterpiece of Spanish Pueblo Revival architecture. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is open to the public during normal business hours; tours are not normally given.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1930s, the United States National Park Service was reorganized in anticipation of an increase in the number of parks the service would have to manage. A need for a centralized office for the southwest region was identified at that time, resulting in the design and construction of this building in the 1930s. It was designed in 1937 by Park Service architect Cecil Doty, who chose the Spanish Pueblo Revival. It was built by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps with funding from the Works Progress Administration. They formed the bricks for the walls on site, and also constructed some of the furnishings, which were also designed by Doty. The building is at 24,000 ft&sup2; the largest known adobe office building, emulating in its style and layout the forms of traditional adobe architecture common to the region.</p><br>
<p>The office is located in a somewhat rural setting southeast of downtown Santa Fe, on the south side of Old Santa Fe Trail at its junction with Camino del Montel Sol, and just north of Santa Fe&#39;s major museum district. It is organized in the form of a traditional mission compound, with a central patio. The main wing on the east side of the patio is two stories in height, and is where the main entrance and lobby space are located. The walls, built out of adobe and finished in cement stucco, vary in thickness between 4.9 ft and 3 ft. The main lobby space has flagstone floors, while more functional areas of the building have carpeted concrete floors.</p><br>
<p>Edmondson Hall was built in 1856 just outside Meadowview, this brick, Greek Revival house has withstood time very well. William Campbell Edmondson, an early pioneer and merchant, built the house, and the original parcel included 383 acre in the fertile valley. On June 11, 1998, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>In the early years of the house, the bedrooms were probably fully occupied by children. William and Susan Edmondson were the parents of five children. William remarried after Susan&#39;s death to Sarah Edmondson and they both had three children. In addition to the family living here, the Edmondsons in 1860 owned 14 slaves, seven of whom were children under the age of 12. Two slave cabins were located on the property as well.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house was a large and fine house for its time and place. A late example of the Greek Revival style, the main decorative focus on the exterior of the house is the two-tiered entry porch. The interior has a center hall plan with 4 rooms on each floor, each with a fireplace, and two rooms in the rear ell. The house still retains most of its original features, including the paint graining on fireplace surrounds, doors and trim.</p><br>
<p>Items listed in a deed of Homestead filed by Edmondson in 1881 indicate the quality of furnishings in the home. The parlor was carpeted with a Brussels carpet, and contained a set of sofas, a Steiff piano, gilt looking glass, six cushioned chairs and two parlor rocking chairs. Upstairs, two of the bedrooms were described as the Ladies room and the Gentlemens room and were outfitted with beds, washstands, wardrobes, bureaus and carpets.</p><br>
<h2>Owners</h2><br>
<p>After William&#39;s death in 1883, Mrs. Edmondson remained in the home until about 1894. The house was sold in 1895 and owned by Dr. William T. Delaney until 1911. Later owners were H. M. Brooks (1911–1918), Walter Gregory (1918–1951), W. A. and Mary G. Megginson (1951–1991), and now privately owned by Robert M and DeVonne Salyer (1991–present).</p><br>
<h2>Ghosts</h2><br>
<p>The Salyer family has devoted much time and labor to restoring the house to its grandeur. People who have studied supernatural phenomena claim to feel the presence of spirits when they enter the house. However, the family maintains they have never felt threatened by any of the spirits who also call the house their home.</p><br>
<p>There are local stories about finding infant bones in the attic, of seeing a ghostly woman rocking in a rocking chair in a bedroom, and people being chased from the yard by a mysterious rider on horseback. One visitor felt someone grab her in an empty room and an interior decorator helping with the house felt someone pull her hair in a front upstairs bedroom, when nobody was nearby.</p><br>
<p>One elder member of the Salyer family, nicknamed GMA, claimed to have seen identical twin girls, about 21 years old, who stayed in her room all night. The beautiful girls had long blonde hair, and one stood at the foot of her bed while the other stood at her bedroom door. The strangest thing is that the family found out later that the twins had lived in the house. GMA said "she wished they hadn&#39;t whispered so much all night because it had kept her awake".</p><br>
<p>The Yakima Park Stockade Group, also known as North and South Blockhouses and Stockade at Sunrise, is a building complex consisting of four log buildings at the Sunrise Visitors Center area in the northeast part of Mount Rainier National Park. The complex is architecturally significant as a particularly fine example of rustic frontier log architecture. The first of the blockhouses and the stockade were built in 1930, while the second blockhouse followed in 1943. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is in turn part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>The stockade complex was designed by architect A. Paul Brown and landscape architect Ernest A. Davidson of the National Park Service. The design concept originated with Davidson, who was inspired by early structures erected by settlers against the possibility of Indian raids. Stone came from a rockslide about a mile away, and the white pine for framing and siding came from the area of the White River, about twelve miles from Yakima Park. Davidson had mixed feelings about the development, commenting that the location was less attractive than it had been before it was developed, but was still far superior to other developed areas of the park that had grown with no plan or regulation.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The south blockhouse was built first, in 1930. While it appears to be constructed of logs, it is a wood-frame structure with log siding. The square two-story building has a battered stone foundation wall extending to sill level, which is overhung by the second floor. The south blockhouse housed administrative and interpretation services for the Yakima Park area. The south blockhouse initially contained two administrative offices on the first floor, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room for staff. The upper level included six bedrooms and two bathrooms. The Stockade is a vertical log fence built in the 1930s that hid a mess hall, since demolished, and which now conceals a split-face concrete block water treatment building built in 1985. Work on the visitor center and the north blockhouse began in 1939, and was completed in 1943, delayed by funding problems. The north blockhouse resembles the south blockhouse, with greater attention to stonework. The north blockhouse houses seasonal park employees. The visitor center is set between and behind the blockhouses, with a view of Mount Rainier through large south-facing windows. The building was previously known as the "campers&#39; shelter" and the Museum. The visitor center is built of logs, with an overhanging second story, but with less of an overhang than the blockhouses. All of the structures have hipped roofs clad with cedar shingles.</p><br>
<p>The Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums are three "trailside museums" within Yellowstone National Park in the western United States. Built in 1929 to designs by Herbert Maier, they are preeminent early examples of the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture, and served as models for the construction of park buildings elsewhere in the park system in the 1930s. They were collectively designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The three landmarked museums are the Norris Museum (44&deg;43&prime;35&Prime;N latitude, 110&deg;42&prime;12&Prime;W longitude), the Madison Museum (44&deg;38&prime;32&Prime;N latitude, 110&deg;51&prime;43.7&Prime;W longitude), and the Fishing Bridge Museum (44.563028&deg; latitude, -110.377694&deg; longitude). The Madison and Norris Museums are separated by a distance of 14 mi, while the Fishing Bridge Museum is more than 40 mi away from the other two by road. All three were designed by architect Herbert Maier in a style that has become known as National Park Service Rustic. A fourth museum, the Old Faithful Museum of Thermal Activity, also designed by Maier, was built at the same time. It was demolished in 1971 to make way for a new visitor center, which has itself been replaced. The architecture of these buildings is characterized by rubble stone and shingle-clad walls, gabled roofs with clipped ends, flagstone floors some places, and peeled log posts as internal supports.</p><br>
<p>The three surviving museums, along with the now-demolished Faithful Museum of Thermal Activity, were designed by Herbert Maier, an architect employed by the American Association of Museums and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation. In addition to designing the Yosemite museums, he also designed buildings at the Grand Canyon, and the National Park Service Southwest Regional Office, also a National Historic Landmark. Maier was influential, both personally and through these early works, in spreading this type of architecture throughout national and state parks and forests, particularly in works created by Depression-era jobs of the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Longmire Buildings in Mount Rainier National Park comprise the park&#39;s former administrative headquarters, and are among the most prominent examples of the National Park Service Rustic style in the national park system. They comprise the Longmire Community Building of 1927, the Administration Building of 1928, and the Longmire Service Station of 1929. Together, these structures were designated National Historic Landmarks on May 28, 1987. The administration and community buildings were designed by National Park Service staff under the direction of Thomas Chalmers Vint.</p><br>
<h2>Administration Building</h2><br>
<p>The Longmire Administration Building is the largest and most architecturally significant of the three structures. The two-story building features heavy boulder rubble construction to the sill line of its second floor windows, with log-frame construction above. The building is entered through a front porch constructed of unusually heavy peeled logs. As the parks administrative headquarters it housed the offices of the park superintendent and engineering support activities. After the construction of a new headquarters just outside the parks boundaries under the Mission 66 program, the Administration Building became a visitor contact point and maintenance headquarters.</p><br>
<p>Behind the entry porch, a pair of doors give access to a reception room furnished with a stone fireplace. A conference room and offices are housed on the upper level, with the basement contains mechanical equipment and a jail cell. The exterior corners of the building are buttressed with stone pilasters at the corners. Log planks sheathe the upper level above the sill, giving the appearance of log construction.</p><br>
<h2>Community Building</h2><br>
<p>The Community Building was the first to be built and set the tone for the area. The T-Shaped frame building houses a large community room measuring about 60 ft by 30 ft, with a subsidiary wing housing toilets and staff quarters. A deep porch occupies one bay in front of the community room. Exterior walls are finished with log-slab veneer. The community room&#39;s interior features exposed scissor-truss log roof framing, with a large stone fireplace at one end. The masonry of the fireplace is distinctive, with roughly squared stone in the lower portion giving way to round glacial boulders. The other end of the room houses a small stage in a bay projecting from the end of the building. Original furnishings include light fixtures and log tables resembling those at the Paradise Inn. The living quarters were renovated in 1964 and retain little of their historic fabric. The interiors of the housing wing were excluded from the National Historic Landmark nomination. The lower level is used as a kitchen, with two apartments on the upper level.</p><br>
<h2>Service Station</h2><br>
<p>The 1929 Service Station provided gasoline and basic services to park visitors. The front half of the building is a drive-through covered bay with supports on the gas island, with an office in the other half behind, the whole crowned by a steeply-pitched attic. Stone-faced concrete extends from grade level to sill level. The frame wall above is clad with log slab siding, while the roof is clad with cedar shingles. A small apartment is housed in the attic, accessible by an exterior stairway.</p><br>
<p>The Longmire Buildings form a part of the Longmire Historic District, which is itself within the Mount Rainier National Park National Historic Landmark District, comprising the entire park.</p><br>
<p>The Administration Building and Service Station are close together near the road, while the Community Building is across the Nisqually River. The construction of all three was supervised by Ernest A. Davidson, a Park Service landscape architect assigned to Mount Rainier. Vint chose to feature the Community Building and the Administration Building in his 1938 Park and Recreation Structures publications, an influential series of three volumes devoted to rustic park structures that influenced state and national park design through the 1930s. The Service Station stands as an almost unique example of rustic architecture for that building type.</p><br>
<p>The Hinton Rowan Helper House is a historic house on United States Route 64 outside Mocksville, Davie County, North Carolina. Built on land that once belonged to Daniel Boone, it was the childhood and early adult home of Hinton Rowan Helper  whose The Impending Crisis of the South  was an influential antislavery work that inflamed tensions in 1860. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hinton Rowan Helper House is located west of Mocksville, set back from the north side of United States Route 64, a short way east of Bear Creek, on a 1.5 acre parcel of land that was once part of the Boone Tract, granted to Squire Boone and later owned by Daniel Boone. The location is marked by a state historic marker. It is a -story structure, with a central log structure at the core, and later frame additions to the side and rear. Its exterior is finished in clapboard siding. The gabled roof extends over the front porch, which is supported by posts, and there is a historic shed roof extension to the rear, with a modern kitchen ell added. The front parlor of the house shows exposed log construction, and some doorway thresholds are original split logs.</p><br>
<p>It was here that author Hinton Rowan Helper (1829-1909) spent the first twenty years of his life, living in an area where he experienced directly the impact of slavery, not just on the slaves, but also on the white lower classes. In 1857 he published The Impending Crisis of the South, a reasoned polemic arguing that slavery was economically bad for most Southern whites, because it concentrated power and money in the slaveowning plantation elites and suppressed wages and drives to industrialize the region. The work was met with fury in the South, where it was banned, and was used by the Republican Party as campaign material in the 1860 United States election.</p><br>
<p>The Market House is a market house and town hall in the center of Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built in 1838 on the site of the old state house and Town Hall which burned down in 1831. Fayetteville was the capital of North Carolina from 1789 to 1794.</p><br>
<p>It has an arcaded open ground level, and a meeting hall above in a standard market house format which originated in the British Isles and is also common in New England. It served both as a town hall and general market until the early 20th century, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973. The upper floor now houses a museum.</p><br>
<p>A study completed by Duke University professor John Cavanagh noted that "sales were spaced on the average about two months apart, if that frequently, and in most instances very few slaves were involved in each transaction".</p><br>
<p>Because of its history as a general trading and market place, it is assumed that slaves were also traded there. It was also widely used as a market for goods and livestock which sometimes included human chattel. On May 30, 2020, protestors attempted to set the building on fire with the fire quickly quenched resulting in only minor damage.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Market House is located in the rotary at the center of the junction of Green, Person, Gillespie, and Hay Streets, in downtown Fayetteville. It is a two-story brick building, with an open arcaded 5-bay ground floor and a large meeting space on the second floor. It has a hip roof, above which rises a tower that houses a belfry and clock, and is topped by a cupola with weathervane. The arches that form the arcade are symmetrical arrangements of round and lancet-pointed arches, framed in stone. Portions of the arcade extend beyond the second floor block, creating single-story sections that are topped by balustrades.</p><br>
<p>The Market House was built in 1838, on the site of the building that had housed the state legislature 1788–1793; it was one of many buildings destroyed by a devastating 1831 fire. The ground floor was used as a market space until 1907, and the upper level as town hall until 1906. Faced with the prospect of demolition, a private organization was formed to take over maintenance of the property. The Market House Museum is located on the second floor and features rotating monthly, special-emphasis Market House exhibits.</p><br>
<p>The building is an example of a more European market house form, and its design is similar to those found in South Shields, Stockton-on-Tees and Abingdon-on-Thames in England and bears a striking resemblance to the market house constructed in 1790 in Hillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland. Buildings with the same market house function include Faneuil Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, which originally had an arcaded ground floor until its 1806 expansion, and the City Market in Charleston, South Carolina, which retains its arcaded ground floor. Both of these buildings are also National Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<p>During the George Floyd protests, the marketplace was set on fire by protesters. The fire damage was minimal.</p><br>
<p>Market place 1904.jpgMarketplace in South Shields, England</p><br>
<p>County Hall Abingdon Geograph-3071725-by-Des-Blenkinsopp.jpg1680 County Hall, Abingdon-on-Thames, England</p><br>
<p>Market-hall-charleston-sc1.jpgCity Market (Charleston, South Carolina)</p><br>
<p>View of Faneuil-Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, March 1789.jpg1743 Faneuil Hall, Boston, as seen in 1789</p><br>
<p>Hillsborough Market House.jpgHillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland</p><br>
<p>The Old City Hall 1844-1899.jpgSt. Lawrence Market South, Toronto, Canada in 1899</p><br>
<p>Union Tavern is a historic tavern and workshop on Broad Street in Milton, North Carolina. It is a rare example of a well-preserved early 19th-century Federal period tavern, and is further notable as the workshop of Thomas Day , a free person of color who was one of North Carolina&#39;s leading cabinetmakers. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. It is located in the Milton Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Union Tavern is located in the center of the rural community of Milton, on the south side of Broad Street (North Carolina Highway 57), between Palmers Alley and Lers Alley. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, set close to the road, with a gabled roof. Its front facade is six bays wide, with three entrances, each set in a round-arch opening with a fanlight above. Windows are rectangular sash, with stone sills and brick lintels. An enclosed single-story porch extends across the left (east) side, and there is a single-story ell to the rear. The interior of the building has retained some of its original features, despite repeated alteration of the rooms for different uses.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Day was born in Virginia in 1801, a free person of color. By 1818 he had begun to work as a cabinetmaker, and in 1823 he moved to Milton, where he purchased and adapted this building as his studio and workshop. His skill as a craftsman was widely regarded: he catered to North Carolinas wealthiest residents, and was by mid-century operating the states largest workshop. He was notable for training white apprentices, other free blacks, and the slaves of nearby slaveholders, and for his own ownership of slaves. When he married a free woman from Virginia, the state legislature exempted her from the state&#39;s ban on the entry of free blacks after he threatened to move. He is also said to have done the woodwork in the local church, on condition that he be permitted to sit in the area normally reserved to whites.</p><br>
